Monday, February 6, 2012

SPA-Article #5: How to Avoid: Hot Tub Rashes and “Itchy Skin”

If your hot tub water just doesn't "seem right", then consider these simple suggestions:

1. Regular and Routine Maintenance.  

          Add the proper dosages on a regular, routine basis. 

If you are unsure of how much and how often, bring us a pint sized sample of your hot tub water for free analysis. 

2. Test your hot tub water frequently!

Ideally this would be everyday, whether you use it or not.  
Testing is the best way to monitor what the water is doing OR NOT DOING! 

Instruction sheets for what to add and how often - need to be verified through testing – at home and here at PoolCo.



3. Keep your hot tub filters in tip top shape! 

Rinse weekly with just a garden hose.

Every 4-6 weeks chemically clean with SpaGuard Filter Cleaner.

Consider replacing filters if they are over a year old and have NOT been maintained (cleaned) properly.



4. Drain and Refill Tub Water as Often as Needed

This depends on:
  • how well the hot tub is constructed, (filtration system)
  • how many people use the hot tub,
  • how often and how long it is used
BioGuard Stow Away 

Clean your cover with Stow Away whenever you drain, clean & refill your spa or hot tub. 

(Remember the underside of the cover does not come in direct contact with the chemically sanitized hot tub water!)


Other great cleaning products:

SpaGuard Natural Spa Enzyme 

Eliminates oils before they collect at the waterline or clog the filter by converting them into carbon dioxide and other easy to remove compounds.
  • Reduces unpleasant odors
  • Improves water clarity
  • Reduces scum-line buildup
  • Helps keep spa water clear

    SpaGuard Cleaning Mitts

    Keep your spa clean with this innovative way to remove oil, dirt and waterline deposits on all spa surfaces.

    • Pretreated with powerful cleaner
    • Gentle, no scratch mitt surface
    • Keeps spa surfaces sparkling and smooth
    • Can be used on patio/pool furniture, bath tubs, shower surrounds and sinks
    • Effectively  removes scale, dirt, oil, scum, and waterline buildup around the spa surface











Monday, January 30, 2012

Share this Article: "New Science: Six Tips for Avoiding Sickness this Winter", by Hank Pellissier GreatSchools.org

If you thought your hot tub was just for fun, read on! 

Warm and Rested
Ah… Winter can be cozy if we hibernate properly with sufficient sleep and healthy heat, to keep our immune systems strong. Here’s a tootsie tip: keep your feet warm and dry with good wooly socks.  A 2005 study by the Common Cold Centre in Cardiff (United Kingdom) reported that subjects who had their feet chilled in ice water developed colds 2.6 times more frequently.

Why?  Viruses thrived in the frigid-foot folks because the temperature plunge constricted the blood vessels in their noses, preventing delivery of infection-fighting white blood cells.
 
Drinking beverages like tea and hot apple cider by a roaring fireplace, wrapped in a quilt over thick cotton pajamas, after a steaming hot bath or shower, is also a sure recipe for both comfort and cold-and-flu resistance.  Also, try a sauna!  A 1990 University of Vienna study with 25 sweaty volunteers discovered that there were “significantly fewer episodes of common cold in the sauna group.”  

Hot tubs provide similar benefits. 

Here's the full article ....

Hot Tub Warranties What To Know

The warranty is only as good as the company it comes from.

Saturday, January 28, 2012

Friday, January 27, 2012

Do They Tell You These Things When You are Shopping for That New Hot Tub?

The other guys method for having an ENERGY EFFICIENT hot tub:

TURN IT DOWN IF YOU AREN'T USING THE HOT TUB!

Yikes.

Just how much DO their hot tubs cost to run?

Um a lot.

Just how convenient is this for you, the hot tub owner?

Thursday, January 26, 2012

Easy to Own! Spa Control System

IQ 2020 Hot Tub Controls

Intuitive Controls

The IQ 2020® spa control system is the brains inside every Hot Spring spa, including yours.

It’s such a snap to program, we bet you'll have it mastered in about a minute. 3.5” high-resolution color LCD screen is easy to read even at night.

A built-in memory saves your favorite settings.

10-minute clean-up cycle kicks in with the push of a button when you leave your spa.


The Absolute Easiest Spa Side Controls, Displaying Actual Temperature - Not Set Temperature













On/Ready Indicator Light


Easy to see the spa is on and at temperature.

Located on the right side of the front cabinet panel (except Custom Cabinet models).

Wednesday, January 25, 2012

Easy to Own!

100% No-Bypass Filtration

Ewww! Yuck!
100% No-Bypass filtration means that all the water passes through the hot tub filters before it enters the spa.

With other spas, water can bypass the filter when the jets are on – the very time when you're in the spa and need clean water the most.

Bypassing occurs when there's too much pump and not enough filter - forcing unfiltered water, complete with body oils and debris, directly back into the spa.



Nearly every hot tub has filters and every hot tub has pumps... but how they combine the two couldn't be more different. 

Here's why:




Hot Spring spas filter all the water all the time.

Tuesday, January 24, 2012

SPA-Article # 4: What if Regular, Routine Maintenance Isn't Enough?

If It's a Habit, It Gets Done. Right?

Most certainly yes! But what if you are regularly and routinely performing your hot tub maintenance steps and you still are experiencing cloudy water, itchy skin, etc?

Well, it may not be you. It could be the hot tub.

Some hot tubs require more maintenance than other hot tubs.

Just like anything in life, you do get what you pay for - superior water quality, with little effort on your part or average or poor water quality with A LOT of work required by you.

25 Square Foot Filter ?

65 Square Foot Filter?
First of all, does your hot tub have the proper amount of filtration?
325 Square Feet of Filtration






It makes sense that more is better when it comes to hot tub filtration.


Hot tubs that have several filters or larger filters can filter more particles out of the water. That means longer time between filter cleanings.


Multiple filter design not only makes water care easier, it extends the life of the filters,
saving the customer hundreds of dollars over the life of the spa. 

Because only one filter works all the time, if you rotate them like tires on a car, they should last 3-5 years! 

Easier on you (your budget) and the filters and the pumps...


If you have 350 gallon hot tub (average size of most tubs), which would you prefer:  25 square feet or 325 square feet?

Silent flo 5000 Circulation Pump
Secondly, how many hours does your hot tub filter and circulate the water daily?

How many hours a day does the water pass through the filter(s)? 

Image if the water was filtered 24 hours a day. That would mean particles were being filtered out of the hot tub water continuously. Not just a couple of hours a day (or less if programmed to do so) Yuck.

A circulation pump is a small, independent pump that continuously filters the hot tub water 24 hours a day. Some hot tubs have them, some hot tubs don't.

Some hot tubs that don't have a circulation pump, may have a (larger) 2 speed pump, that includes a high and a low speed. When there is a drop in temperature the low speed pump turns on and circulates the water. Better than no circulation pump, but still not 24 hour - constant - filtration. 

If your hot tub doesn't have constant filtration, you will work harder to maintain to cleaner, healthier water.

Lastly, is every drop of water filtered?

Is every drop of water filtered before returning back to the hot tub or does some of the water go through floor drains (by pass fittings) and back to the hot tub unfiltered? ONLY Hot Spring offers 100% No-Bypass Filtration.


The Difference between No-Bypass vs By Pass Filtration

Question: The most important part of your hot tub experience is the water. 

How much do you want to work on your water?

How much do you expect your hot tub to work for you?

A little or a lot?

Shouldn't the thing you experience the most - the water - be the thing that should require the least effort from you? 




A Ozone System


Standard with all Hot Spring hot tubs, the FreshWater® III high-output ozone system.

Working 24/7, it continuously injects millions of tiny, highly concentrated ozone bubbles into the water. These ozone bubbles neutralize contaminants on contact.

The system uses a corona discharge cell, requiring virtually no maintenance.



Additional Water Care Option:

Want the easiest, most carefree and cleanest hot tub water?

Check out the "ACE".

Saturday, January 21, 2012

You Hear The Water - NOT - The Motor

The Hot Spring filtration system skims and filters more spa water than any other system available. It is absolutely the easiest spa to enjoy and own.

It’s totally automatic, so there’s no need to program long cleaning and heating cycles as in other spas.

Nor do you have the wear and tear, energy drain or noise of a large jet pump running during those cycles. Operating silently and efficiently, your Hot Spring spa is always hot, clean and ready to enjoy.

The SilentFlo 5000 circulation pump

SilentFlo 5000 Circulation Pump Low Flow Filtering


quietly provides continuous filtration and circulation, silently and efficiently filtering over 5,000 gallons of water per day.

Constant circulation helps to maintain a constant temperature for the spa, and limits the amount of energy output required by the heater.


Nearly all of the energy used to run the pump is transferred directly into the water as heat energy, resulting in continuous savings on heating costs.


The SilentFlo 5000 pump features a patented design that is exclusive to Watkins Manufacturing so it’s designed to be perfectly in tune with the flow rate of our heater and our jet pumps – and costs less to power than a 40-watt light bulb.



Powerful Wavemaster Jet Pump High Flow Filtering.

Wavemaster Jet Pumps

Every Hot Spring hot tub has an efficient Wavemaster jet pump(s).
The Wavemaster pumps provide vigorous massage through the spa's jets, and is only active when the jets are turned on.






Hydraulically Efficient Plumbing 

— Our manifold plumbing system minimizes restrictions in the water flow, so less jet horsepower (and less energy) is required to deliver a strong feel at the jets.

Friday, December 2, 2011

Smart Shopping Habits...for anything you plan to buy!

Intelligent shoppers know that a little detective work before buying will actually save them money! 


Researching your purchases could wind up saving you a small fortune in either purchase price or repair savings. Through the combination of company websites, company research tools, and product review sites, you can narrow down your intended purchase to the product that makes the most sense - for you.


Smart Shopping Habits: 


Decide how much you can and should spend to get the best value. Remember that the cheapest buy is not always the smartest buy. Quality goes a long way.

How do you see yourself using this product?  Will this product live up to your expectations? 


Develop a checklist of what features will be the most important to you. List them from most to least important. Next to each feature, briefly explain why that feature it is important to you.

Look for a good, authentic sale. Is the item really on sale? Don't buy something just because it's on sale. Purchase because it's a great value for you.


Ask friends, family members and co-workers for product and store referrals.

Check Consumer Reports and product-rating magazines for more information. 


Visit several online message boards to view positive and negative comments about the product. If there were problems, how well was the situation resolved? 

Inspect products carefully before buying. Check for quality and durability. When in doubt, stick to reliable brand names.

Check warranties carefully. Make sure you understand the company's policies.

Ask if there will be any extra charges - for example, for delivery or warranty work.



Now, with this basic plan in place you are ready to shop specific hot tub features.




Thursday, November 10, 2011

What Makes One Hot Tub Different from Another Hot Tub?

If you haven't noticed, lots of folks are buying spas these days.  According to a recent study by the National Spa and Pool Institute (NSPI), there are now some 3.3 million residential spas in place.  Less costly to install and operate than their in-ground counterparts, portable spas which are completely self contained and require no plumbing, represent about 85 percent of all spas sold.

As with any major purchase, careful shopping and research can help ensure you make the best buying decision to meet your needs. 

There are some different 75 spa manufacturers in the U.S. and products vary widely in price, quality and dependability.
We recommend people do their shopping very carefully, comparing materials utilized in construction, the warranties offered by manufacturers on various models, the cost to operate on a monthly basis, customer referrals, and the manufacturer's history.

Key Questions to Ask Before Buying a Hot Tub
1.  What is the manufacturer's track record and reputation?
     Ask your spa salesman questions about the manufacturer.  How long have they been in business?  How many dealers do they have?  How many states do they sell their product in?  Are there any claims filed against them (call your Better Business Bureau)?  It's important to get a good feel for the company and its history, and how long they'll be around in the future.  

Owner satisfaction is built into every Hot Spring® hot tub  Hot Spring®  hot tubs are the world's number one brand of portable hot tubs. They have been the market leader since 1977. Hot Spring® hot tubs are made by Watkins Manufacturing, of the Masco Corporation family of companies whose products like Delta® faucets, Behr® paints, and CraftMaid ® cabinets, are well known for quality and  value.


You can own and enjoy a Hot Spring® hot tub no matter where you live. They are available in all 50 states, Canada and over 50 countries. With their global network of over 950 dealers and service centers, a hot tub professional is always there for you, before, during and after the sale.



2.  How long has the dealer been in business and carried this spa line?
     The longer a dealer has been in business, the better their track record is likely to be.  And the longer they've carried that particular brand of spa, the higher your comfort level will be.  It's very important to both seek out a manufacturer with a strong company history and to select a dealer who is committed to that manufacturer's product line. 


PoolCo has served southern Illinois since 1979. We provide the best ownership experience, because we keep our promises. PoolCo has carried and serviced hot tubs since 2000. We have sold Hot Spring® hot tubs since 2005. We are a low pressure reputable dealer who can answer all of your buying questions.
During your hot tub ownership, PoolCo is proud to honor you with our outstanding customer service.  Our experienced staff receives specialized training.  

We are ready to answer your questions, help with follow up calls, and trouble shoot any concerns, because we do want our customers happy.




3.  What is the warranty on this brand of spa?
     Ask for a copy of the warranty to take home with you for any spa you look at (some dealers are reluctant to give you a copy of the warranty to take home and this should be a "red flag" to you as to what the fine print may say).  

Have the dealer clearly explain what is covered and what isn't. Get any and all promises in writing.

A reputable manufacturer will cover not only the spa shell, but the plumbing, jets, and all major components for up to five years.  A good rule of thumb is to buy a spa that the has been made by a manufacturer who has been in business longer than the warranty they offer.
Hot Spring® hot tubs established the industry standard of 5 years back in 1989. It's withstood the test of time, and their warranty remains comprehensive and straightforward.

Hot Spring® hot tubs are proud to disclose its full detail because there is no fine print to hide.

Hot Spring® hot tubs pledge of quality to you:
Sterling Marble Shell
  • 5 Year NO-Fault® Heater Warranty NO BLAME GAME, because the heater is not affected by pH fluctuations like most other hot tubs. 

  • 7 Year Shell Surface Warranty Watkins warrants the acrylic surface material of the Hot Spring portable spa to be free from defects in materials and workmanship for seven years. Additionally, the acrylic surface material is structurally warranted not to leak for seven years. The acrylic surface material is nonpermeable and will not absorb odors, bacteria or pollutants. 

    Moto-Massage Jet
  • 5 Year No Leak Plumbing Warranty Watkins warrants the Hot Spring spa against leaks caused by defects in manufacturing and workmanship for five years. This warranty specifically covers leaks from the wall fittings, jet fittings, internal plumbing, internal glue joints, drains, hoses, and all bonded parts.  

  • 5 Year Parts Warranty Watkins warrants the electrical components, pump(s), Moto-Massage jets, air valves, levers, bezels and other Hot Spring spa components against defects in materials and workmanship for five years

      Everwood Cabinetry
    • 5 Year Everwood Cabinetry Warranty Watkins warrants the Everwood cabinet material to be free from defects in materials and workmanship for five years.


    PROMISES PROMISES PROMISES... 


    A warranty is a promise from the manufacturer.  Simply put, they promise to fix any mistakes (defects) that originated at their factory. What makes a warranty a great warranty is how well they KEEP THAT PROMISE.  
      • Is the warranty unconditional or do they blame you for the cause of the problem, to get themselves off the hook?

      • Does the dealer have their own service department or do they subcontract the work out?
      • How quickly does the dealer respond to your request for service?
      • Do they require you pay a fee before warranty work is performed? 
      • Do they have a professional, courteous staff to help you know your hot tub and its operation? 
      • After any service work is performed do they contact you to make sure you are happy?


      Here's how PoolCo keeps that promise: 

      PoolCo never charges diagnostic or trip fees to perform warranty work. We never have. We never will. Our competition, however, charges you a fee BEFORE they will perform warranty work. Why would they charge for something you would expect to be free?

      Because our competition does not have their own service team. They must refer you to someone else for your hot tub's service needs. PoolCo firmly believes that you should be able to call us for all your needs. Isn't that easy for you?
      James Halstead

    PoolCo has an advanced technology allows dealers to provide the finest in customer care. Authorized Hot Spring spa dealers use DeTECHtive, a sophisticated software tool that provides step-by-step diagnostic instructions, detailed parts lists and electrical schematics for all Hot Spring spa parts.

    James Halstead, our hot tub technician, is factory trained. He has served the southern Illinois area for over 5 years. He is an expert on Hot Spring hot tubs, as well as most other brands.










    4. Do I feel comfortable in this brand of portable spa?     
       
    The most important feature is how you feel sitting in your spa.  What good is it to save a few dollars or fall in love with the look of a certain model, if it is not comfortable to sit in?  

    We advise consumers to take a "test soak" in the dealer showroom to see how their seat fits into the spa seats, and how the jet placement feels.  It's also important to get a feel for how a particular model feels wet, and to do that you have to climb in when there's water in it.  

    Spas feel very different wet than they do dry, as many spas are displayed.  You wouldn't consider buying a car without a test drive, and you shouldn't consider a brand of spa without a test soak.

    5.  What are the features of this spa and what do they do for me?
         Sometimes the "bells and whistles" that spa manufacturers tout can mean headaches to you.  In most cases, simplicity is the rule.  Make sure you understand how to operate the spa, and strive to eliminate unnecessary features that are there just for show.  Ask yourself, "Do I really need this?  Does this add therapeutic value to my spa?"  Remember, the most important thing is to obtain a relaxing, swirling hot therapy soak. 
    You want a spa that is ready to use, and that works every time you want to get in it.  No troubles, no hassles.  Look at where the jets are placed.  Check  the pressure of the jets and make sure they provide relaxation and not punishment.  Hot Spring spas feature revolutionary "moto-massage" jets that move up and down the length of your back at a speed you control, providing an experience much like a manual massage.
    6.  Can I have customer references?
         A  reputable dealer can put you in touch with a number of customers to ask questions and get referrals about that dealer.  Remember, quality manufacturers have many satisfied customers.
    7.  What size spa will best suit my needs?
         Do you entertain a lot?  Do you have a big family?  Before you shop, try to determine how often you are likely to use your spa and how many people you'll need to fit in it along with you.
    8.  How was this spa constructed? Is it easy to use and maintain?
         The quality of the construction and materials used will determine not only how long your portable spa will last, but the actual long-term cost to you as well.  Make sure the shell is made from a durable material that has been tested over time. Is the cabinet made with an alternative wood material that is easy to virtually maintenance free?  The components that run your spa should be field tested and backed strongly by the manufacturer's warranty.  
    Hot Spring uses only the best materials, and their fully-insulated spas are designed to last longer and cost you less to keep up and operate on a daily basis for years to come.  Hot Spring products, for example, come with two durable pumps in every spa, one for the water jets and one for the heater. 
    Ask your dealer for a product brochure explaining in detail how each spa is made and the parts and materials used in construction.
    9.  What will this model cost me to operate monthly, is it energy-efficient?
         Manufacturers or dealers should be able to provide you with documented information on the estimated costs of operation.  Inquire if the manufacturer has conducted a third-party study on the energy efficiency of their spas.
    Often, spas with low initial purchase prices can cost two to three times a month more to heat than higher priced models, which in the long run may actually make them more expensive.
    Don't take a  salesman's word for it, ask for the estimated costs in writing and ask your referrals what their experience has been.













    These key questions along with a few of your own (i.e. What financing options do I have?  What is included in the price of this spa?) can help serve you as a great guide.

















    Friday, May 27, 2011

    Trouble-shooting Air Leaks in Filter System

    What is an Air Leak?
    An "Air Leak" is any point where air (a little or a lot) can get into the suction side of the filtration system.

    If any of these symptoms are occurring, chances are that you have an air leak. This situation, while seemingly confusing and difficult, is actually really easy to eliminate.

    One important thing to remember with an air leak is the you can have a leak without having water leak out.

    Air leaks occur when the pump is turned on and for whatever reason air is pulled (sucked) into the system.

    One way is from a small crack or hole from the pump motor seal to anywhere back to the water level of the pool.

    Another way is any interrruption in the flow of water to the pump that causes the pump to lose its prime. (For example: not having all the air out of the vacuum hose or connecting the vacuum hose to the skimmer too slowly or with the pump on. More explanation to come.)

    Why is it a problem?
    Large air leaks can greatly reduce the suction from the pump. No suction means vacuuming the pool is nearly impossible. Automatic pool cleaners will start briefly, only to top and just sit at the bottom of the pool. Extremely frustrating...if you don't know how to solve the problem.

    Here is a list of what check for a leak.

    Our suggestion is to check the most common causes first.

    If those don't solve the problem, then procede to the less common causes.

    The most common examples of air leaks:
    Most common cause: not enough water in the pool or missing skimmer weir. If you see a small whirlpool in the skimmer, then this is most likely where the air is coming from.


    Second most common cause: you have just emptied the pump basket and forgot to completely tighten the clear lid on the pump. Having trouble getting the unscrewing the lid on the pump? See "How to avoid an air lock".

    Third most common cause: while attaching the vacuum hose to the pool, too much air gets in. Try attaching the vacuum hose to the vacuum plate adaptor WITH THE PUMP MOTOR OFF. You can take your time and attach it properly. With the motor on, you must be very fast while making the connections. For a visual example,  Check out PoolCo's Video "How to Attach Your Vacuum"

    Other possible solutions:
    Check the hose connection from the bottom of the skimmer and the hose connection from the front of the pump. The hose clamps must be extremely tight. A small sliver of duct tape, the width and length of your pinky finger, wrapped around the fitting before you slip on the hose, is often helpful to create a complete seal.

    Consider replacing this hose if it is over 2 years old. The sun is really hard on anything that is exposed to it day after long hot day. A small pinhole can develop that will be undetectable, even upon close inspection.

    Check the orings on the clear lid above the basket and the pump plug(s). Are there any fine cracks the air could seep into? If they look worn or are several years old, they should be replaced.
    Definitely lubricate the oring with a silicome based grease. Don't use vasoline.

    Check the bottom of the skimmer for hair-line cracks.

    Check the bottom of the pump lint body (holds the basket) for hair-line cracks.

    Replace the pump seal.


    If you aren't getting good circulation, it may not be an air leak, but an obstruction that isn't allowing the water to flow back to the pool at the proper rate.

    Possible obstructions that can greatly reduce flow:

    Pump and/or  skimmer baskets are full of leaves, bugs, pine needles, etc. Empty them.

    Pool filter needs to backwashed, chemically cleaned or replaced.

    Pump impellor is jammed with pine needles or small twigs that can slide through holes in the baskets. Unplug the pump and remove these.

    Pool hose from the skimmer to the pump has collapsed and is sucked shut. Replace it.

    Automatic or manual vacuum has a rock, sweet gum ball, twig blocking the opening at the vacuum head.

    A solar heater can slow your flow down. ( a lot of tubing for the water to flow through).

    A pool fountain can slightly slow your flow down.











    Phosphates, Real or Phantasy?

    The following Blog Post is a direct copy of the BioGuard Technical Information Bulletin "Phosphates, Algae & Chlorine Demand - What is the Relationship?"

    The information contained in this publication is based on data currently available to BioLab and is thought to be correct. Since BioLab has no control over the use of this information by others, BioLab does not guarantee the same results described herein will be obtained and makes no warranty of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose or any expressed or implied warranty. This information is intended for use by technically trained personnel at their discretion.


    Occasionally, we are asked why we don't recommend adding Phosphate Remover products to pool water. To help explain our reasoning, we have added the following BioGuard technical bulletin to our Blog. The article gets a little technical, but the overall reason is that "there are currently no phosphate remover products that are EPA registered as algae killers (algicides) or algae inhibitors (algistats), therefore none of these products can make that claim. The reason is that no supporting data exists."

    It is our belief that these products are a waste of your hard earned money. Keep reading to find out how they work and that Poolco already stocks the products that will help solve your chlorine demand problems.

    So read on....

    Phosphates, Algae & Chlorine Demand – What is the Relationship?

    The Scientific Answer to Phosphates
    So what exactly are phosphates?  In general, the compound that is referred to as “phosphate” is orthophosphate.  It is simply a phosphorous atom surrounded by four oxygen atoms, PO4-3.  It can exist as it is written (an ionic species dissolved in solution) or it can be attached to another molecule such as a protein.  Phosphates come from a variety of different sources.  These include fertilizer, industrial discharge, swimmer waste, detergents and chemicals used to treat corrosion in drinking water – just to name a few.    Phosphorous is actually the eleventh-most abundant mineral in the earth’s crust.  So basically, it’s everywhere in many different forms.  It is an essential nutrient for all life – both plant and animal.   

    So the question becomes “Does orthophosphate contribute to chlorine demand?”  The answer to this question is no.  In lab studies, we have not been able to increase chlorine demand by adding additional phosphate to water samples.  

    You may remember that all atoms have what is referred to as a preferred oxidation state.  This is simply a number that is assigned to a particular atom based on its chemical properties.  For example, the preferred oxidation number for chlorine is -1.  The preferred oxidation number for phosphorous is +5.  Atoms in an oxidation state that is not preferred are very reactive, while atoms in their preferred oxidation state are stable and are much less reactive. 

    In hypochlorous acid (HOCl), chlorine is in an oxidation state of +1.  Because chlorine is constantly trying to reach its preferred state of -1, it is very reactive.  This is why hypochlorous acid is such a great oxidizer.  When hypochlorous acid oxidizes other material, the chlorine atom reaches its preferred oxidation state of -1. 

    In the orthophosphate molecule, the phosphorous atom is already in its most preferred oxidation state of +5.  Therefore orthophosphate is not likely to participate in these types of chemical reactions with hypochlorous acid.  If material does not react with hypochlorous acid then it does not contribute to chlorine demand.  This theory has proven true in lab testing as mentioned above. 

    So if orthophosphate does not contribute to chlorine demand, does it contribute to algae growth?  The answer to this question is simple.  In a properly maintained pool environment (which includes the recommended level of sanitizer) phosphate does not play a role in the growth of algae. 

    All plants, including algae, require several essential nutrients for growth.  These include hydrogen, oxygen, carbon, nitrogen and phosphorous.  The addition of these nutrients to an environment such as a lake or pond may increase algae growth and disrupt the balance of the ecosystem.  The EPA puts limits for discharge of nutrient containing water into lakes and streams so as not to upset this balance.  However, a pool environment is completely different so the same limits do not apply.  A pool environment includes filtration as well as the use of sanitizers and algicides which would be toxic to aquatic life.

    There are some opinions that using a phosphate remover will stop or at least inhibit algae growth in pool water as well as assist with chlorine demand treatment.  There are currently no phosphate remover products that are EPA registered as algae killers (algicides) or algae inhibitors (algistats), therefore none of these products can make that claim.  The reason is that no supporting data exists.  It is also important to note that phosphate removers only remove orthophosphate and not all sources of phosphorous (such as phosphonates, polyphosphates and phospholipids, etc.).

    Phosphate removers may act as a floccing agent to remove other material from the water.  Physically removing some contaminants is always an option for assisting with chlorine demand treatment and can be achieved with any number of floc-based products.  Using a product designed specifically for this function will deliver better results.

    But would the removal of orthophosphate assist with algae treatment? 
    The answer is NO.  There are several reasons for this. 

    1.   It was stated earlier that phosphorous is essential for all life forms both plant and animal.  Orthophosphate is a readily available source of phosphorous for plants, including algae.  However, it is not the only source of phosphorous.  If orthophosphate becomes unavailable as a source of phosphorous, then the algae will simply find it from another source.  Remember that these products only remove orthophosphate and not all phosphorous containing compounds.  Additionally, phosphate removers cannot remove phosphate levels down to zero.  There is evidence to suggest that some types of algae will in fact take up extra phosphorous and store it so that it can be used when there is a lack of it in their environment.1 Even if you were able to achieve a zero phosphorous level in the pool, these types of algae would still grow using the phosphorous stored within the cell.  With these types of algae, removing phosphate does nothing to stop growth.

    2.   Phosphate removers do not hold a residual in the pool.  So while some orthophosphate may be removed upon initial application, it will not be removed on a constant basis.  And because phosphorous is so abundant, there will be a constant influx of phosphate.  Phosphate will be introduced not only from the environment (remember – it’s the 11th most abundant mineral) but from bathers as well – it is a major component of proteins and will be present in skin, urine, sweat, etc.  In fact, the tap water at the Technology Center has 1,500ppb (1.5ppm) phosphate and yet the test pools run successfully with no algae blooms on a regular basis.

    3.   And finally, the most important consideration is the presence of sanitizer or even better – sanitizer and algicide.  Proper maintenance is the key to keeping algae growth in check. BioLab has conducted several studies to explore the phosphate issue.  The studies used both lab cultured algae as well as algae obtained from the field.  In these highly controlled, nutrient rich environments, algae did not grow in the presence of 1-2ppm chlorine.  This was proven in multiple studies with varying phosphate levels up to 30,000ppb (30ppm).  Furthermore, the use of a maintenance algicide enhanced water quality with increased clarity.   

    There has been much discussion regarding phosphates over the past several years.  The fact is that phosphates are not “new” – they have always been present and are not more prevalent today than in the past.  Keep in mind that consumers add phosphate based products for metal treatment on a routine basis.  Some of these products include BioGuard® Pool Magnet Plus®, BioGuard Scale Inhibitor, GLB Super Sequa-Sol®, Jack’s Magic® The Purple Stuff™, Jack’s Magic The Blue Stuff™, Jack’s Magic The Pink Stuff™, ProTeam® Metal Magic, HTH® Stain and Scale, and Sparkle Conquest (this list is not meant to be comprehensive).  Metal treatments with these products are performed with no chlorine demand or algae growth as a result. 

    Phosphates are and always will be a part of the environment.  The best route to take is proper pool maintenance with products designed to kill and/or inhibit the growth of bacteria and algae.
    1Griffith, Beeton, Spencer, Mitchell; Environmental Phosphorous Handbook, copyright 1973.


    BioGuard Technical Information Bulletin

    The information contained in this publication is based on data currently available to BioLab and is thought to be correct. Since BioLab has no control over the use of this information by others, BioLab does not guarantee the same results described herein will be obtained and makes no warranty of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose or any expressed or implied warranty. This information is intended for use by technically trained personnel at their discretion.